Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders: Is a One-Size-Fits-All Approach Appropriate? PMC

Trimmed estimates with influential studies removed (Baujat, Mahé, Pignon, & Hill, 2002) were also provided.3 Finally, to test for potential publication bias, the relationship between error and effect size was assessed using rank correlation (Begg & Mazumdar, 1994) and graphical methods (Egger, Smith, Schneider, & Minder, 1997). Here, small sample/small effect studies are assumed to characterize unpublished research, resulting in a significant and negative relationship, thus an asymmetrical funnel plot, when publication bias is present. With regard to addictive behaviours Cognitive Therapy emphasizes psychoeducation and relapse prevention. Therefore, many of the techniques discussed under relapse prevention that aim at modification of dysfunctional beliefs related to outcomes of substance use, coping or self-efficacy are relevant and overlapping.

• As Psychology of Addictive Behaviors marks its 30th anniversary, we review the evolution of CBT for the addictions through the lens of the Stage Model of Behavioral Therapies Development.
• Consistent with a number of evidence-based addictions therapies, CBT effect sizes were small to non-significant in contrast to non-specific and specific therapies, respectively.
• Each of the five stages that a person passes through are characterized as having specific behaviours and beliefs.
• The mediation studies were additionally grouped by whether the independent variable was a between (ie, CBT versus another treatment) or within (ie, a CBT-related process) condition indicator.
• Trimmed estimates with influential studies removed (Baujat, Mahé, Pignon, & Hill, 2002) were also provided.3 Finally, to test for potential publication bias, the relationship between error and effect size was assessed using rank correlation (Begg & Mazumdar, 1994) and graphical methods (Egger, Smith, Schneider, & Minder, 1997).

CBT for addictive behaviours can be traced back to the application of learning theories in understanding addiction and subsequently to social cognitive theories. The focus of CBT is manifold and the focus is on targeting maintaining factors of addictive behaviours and preventing relapse. Relapse prevention programmes are based on social cognitive and cognitive behavioural principles. More recent developments in the area of managing addictions include third wave behaviour therapies. Third wave behaviour therapies are focused on improving building awareness, and distress tolerance skills using mindfulness practices. These approaches have shown promise, and more recently the neurobiological underpinnings of mindfulness strategies have been studied.

Planning a cognitive behavioural programme

CBT has some things in common with rational emotive behavioral therapy, which was developed on its basis. However, the latter mostly focuses on dealing with irrational thoughts and beliefs which lead to unpleasant consequences. A relative limitation of CM is the availability of funds for providing the reinforcers in clinical settings. cbt interventions for substance abuse The establishment of job-based reinforcements have been introduced as alternatives to aid the clinical adoption of these methods.[21, 22]Also, contingency management strategies have also been incorporated into couple’s interactions (utilizing the reinforcers available to the couple) to aid the reduction of drug use (see below).

• Rimmele and
  colleagues also recommended covert sensitization as a highly effective and
  portable treatment component which, unlike chemical or electric aversion
  therapies, can be used at any time and in any setting as a self-control
  strategy (Rimmele et al., 1995).
• CBT is a widely effective treatment approach for many people and can help you challenge negative beliefs about yourself and start to create a new worldview.
• Negative emotional states, such as anxiety, depression, anger, boredom are often dealt with by using substances, interpersonal conflicts that the person cannot cope with effectively or resolve and the social -pressure to use a substance31.
• CRA’s application to
  substances other than alcohol also appears to have been successful (Higgins et al., 1998).
• Moreover, it is recognized as equivalent in efficacy to pharmacological treatment of depression during the acute phase of symptoms.

All 54 studies finally selected for the review were randomized controlled trials published in English. The current meta-analysis shows that CBT is more effective than a no treatment, minimal treatment, or non-specific control. Consistent with findings on other evidence-based therapies, CBT did not show superior efficacy in contrast to another specific modality.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Alcohol Addiction

If you have questions about your coverage, call the number on your insurance card to find out more information about your specific plan. Some cognitive behavioral therapists accept insurance, but others may not accept insurance. Others may be out-of-network (OON) but offer patients the option of paying their therapy costs up-front and then sending a superbill to their insurance company for reimbursement.

In such cases, an
initial trial CBT can serve as preparatory to a more intensive treatment
experience. In comparison to behavioral treatments such as the community reinforcement
approach, CBT focuses more on cognitions, beliefs, and expectancies. Also, CBT
generally does not incorporate contingency management approaches such as the use
of vouchers to reinforce desired behaviors. CBT is usually confined to the
treatment session (although therapists often give homework to clients to be
completed outside the therapy session), whereas the community reinforcement
approach stresses the importance of incorporating interventions into real world
settings and taking advantage of community resources.